The United States’ free and open Indo-Pacific policy and its implications on China
Keywords:
Rcep, Ttp, Quad, Indo Pacific, Aukus, Bri, Power TransitionAbstract
Under the contemporary international political scenario, Indo pacific is considered as the most significant region in the world. The last three the US administrations have consecutively focused on this region in their national security policies. However, this article has particularly focused on the Joe Biden’s new Indo-Pacific Strategy and with more focus on the implications of this strategy on China. Economic and military rise of China is attracting the US’s concerns regarding its liberal order and hegemonic influence in the region. China has focused on Indo pacific region for trade and investments consequently getting the status of biggest trading partner of almost every state of this region. Through, Belt and Road initiatives China is changing the economic and diplomatic trajectories with its all-neighboring countries. The United State, through, its partnerships and alliances-based policy in Indo pacific region is attempting to counter balance the rising power of China. However, it is unclear whether this policy will lead towards further cooperation or competition in the region? And how would this policy affect China’s foreign policy and sphere of influence in the region.
Downloads
References
Askari, M.U, (2022). Sino-US Rivalry in the South China Sea: A Hegemonic Stability Theory Perspective. Journal of Politics and International Studies, 6(2), 115–127.
Behzad Abdollah pour (2021) The Indo-Pacific: Trump, China, and the New Struggle for Global Mastery, Asian Affairs, 52:1, 196-198, DOI: 10.1080/03068374.2020.1850878.
Brown, D. (2022) Why China could win the new global arms race? BBC News Visual Journalism Team
DiCicco, J. M., & Levy, J. S. (1999). Power shifts and problem shifts: The evolution of the power transition research program. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 43(6), 675-704.
Freeman, C., Markey, D., & Singh (2022). A Closer Look at Biden’s Indo-Pacific Strategy
The Biden administration places a greater emphasis on cooperation with regional allies and partners. United States of Institue of Peace.
Jash, A. (2021). The Quad Factor in the Indo-Pacific and the Role of India. Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, Spring, 78–85.
He, K., & Li, M. (2020). Understanding the dynamics of the Indo-Pacific: US-China strategic competition, regional actors, and beyond. International Affairs, 96(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz242
Khan, W. M., & Askari, M. U. (2023). Basic Exchange Cooperation Agreement between India and the US 2020: Security Implications for Pakistan. Journal of Indian Studies, 9(02), 131-144
Lai, D. (2011). The United States and China in power transition. Army War Coll Strategic Studies Inst Carlisle Barracks Pa.
Lee, S. (2022) In Search of Regional Stability in the Age of Hyper-Uncertainty: The US-China Strategic Competition and the Redesign of Regional Order in East Asia, Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 10:2, 305-310, DOI: 10.18588/202211.00a316
Lin, B., Chase, M. S., & Blank, J. (2020). Regional responses to U. S. -China competition in the Indo-Pacific: Study overview and conclusions. RAND Corporation.
LUTHRA, G. (2022). The new US Indo-Pacific Strategy: Balancing continuity with new and evolving environment. Observer Research Foundation.
Mauldin, J. (2020). China’s Grand Plan to Take Over the World. FORBES
McBride, J., C. A., & Siripurapu, A. (2021) What’s Next for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)? The Council on Foreign Relations.
Medeiros, E. (2006). Strategic Hedging and the Future of Asia-Pacific Stability. The Washington Quarterly The MIT Press, 29(1), 145–167.
Mahmood, A., & Askari, M. U. (2025). Shifting dynamics of Sino-American competition in multi-aligned Middle East. Heliyon, 11(1)
Munir, M., (2022). The US Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy: Implications for China (2017-Present). Journal of Maritime Research
Niebel, D. (2020). The Power Transition Theory and the Sino-American Contention for Power, Journal of International Affairs., Fall, 54(1).
Organski, A. F. K (1958). World politics. New York: Knopf.
Organski, A. F. K (1968). World politics (2d ed.). New York: Knopf.
Pillsbury, M. (2016). The hundred-year marathon: China's secret strategy to replace America as the global superpower. St. Martin's Griffin.
Scott, D. (2018). The Indo-Pacific in US Strategy: Responding to Power Shifts. Rising Powers Quarterly, 3(2), 19–43.
Scobell, A. (2021). Constructing a U.S.-China Rivalry in the Indo-Pacific and Beyond. Journal of Contemporary China, 30(127), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2020.1766910
Strub, D. (2022). United States and China vie for influence in Indo-Pacific. National Bureau of Asia Research, East Asia Forum.
Tammen, R. (2008). The Organski legacy: A fifty-year research program. International Interactions, 34(4), 314–332
Tellis, J. A. (2020). US. -China Competition for Global Influence. Strategic Asia, 3-7.
Zafar, A. (2022). US–China Tit-for-Tat Politics in the Asia-Pacific: Beyond Thucydides Trap to Multipolarity and Complex Interdependence. Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, 10.
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Muhammad Usman Askari , Iqra Mushtaq (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png)
