Landed Elite and Socio-Economic Developments in Shahpur District (1857-1914)

Abstract

This research paper examines the impact of colonial rule on the Shahpurdistrict (1857-1914). It also explores role of the landed elite of the Shahpur District in its socio-economic development. The colonial authorities served their interests by co-opting the rural elite, whose support was crucial for maintaining peace and order in the region. This reliance on informal alliance with the landed elite granted these elite considerable power and influence in Shahpur district. Shahpur district was largely agrarian, where land and cattle served as the primary source of livelihood. Environmental challenges and limited economic prospects contributed to the region’s agricultural and economic backwardness. The government developed Jhelum Canal Colony in Shahpur District in order to reduce pressure of population in thickly populated eastern districts of the Punjab and to grow more food to meet requirement of the British Empire. Landed elite of Shahpur District contributed their share in development of Jhelum Canal Colony. The development of Jhelum canal colony converted Shahpur District into an advanced agricultural district.The government introduced a variety of new crops in the Punjab. Landed elite of the Shahpur District played a vital role in introducing new varieties of crops in the western areas of the Punjab.