Migration-driven Urbanisation in South Asia: Insights from Bhawanipatna town, Odisha, India

Abstract

Present study examines the nature and magnitude of in-migration to Bhawanipatna town, a rapidly growing town in Kalahandi district, Odisha, India. This study assesses the contribution of urbanisation in this migration process for the historic town. Using secondary data source particularly Census data has been utilized to identify growth patterns. Methods like exponential models has been used to estimate population growth. With the lack of authentic data, population has been predicted for 2021 and 2031 which is crucial for addressing migration issues in the town, urban sprawl and potential risks related to resource depletion. The analysis reveals that migration significantly influence Bhawanipatna’s urban expansion, labour market dynamics and socio-economic development. The study underscore how rural-urban migration shaped by historical, social and economic factors, play a pivotal role in small town expansion. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to formulate inclusive urban development strategies that balance migration-driven growth with sustainable urban planning for the medium-sized town, Bhawanipatna. The research links the Bhawanipatna experience to the broader South Asian urban transition, calling for integrated planning approaches to harness migration as a tool for sustainable urban development.