Strengthening International Legal Frameworks for the Prevention of Child Abuse: Challenges, Gaps, and Pathways for Reform

Abstract

One billion children are affected by child abuse annually around the globe, leading to long-term damage and enormous economic burden. This research discusses international legal frameworks, with emphasis on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the INSPIRE strategies. Based on evidence from the Global Status Report on Preventing Violence Against Children 2020 and elsewhere, it reports that 88% of nations have good laws prohibiting violence, but just 47% effectively enforce them. Corporal punishment is prohibited in 79% of countries, but it is fully enforced in only 30%. Support for national plans is low, particularly in developing countries, and threats online such as child sexual abuse material develop quicker than legislatures can keep pace. Vulnerable populations, like indigenous children and children with disabilities, become more vulnerable due to lax protections. The research compares sources to establish that these gaps exist and are urgent. Reform needs to involve well-funded plans, improved training for police and judges, more modern digital legislation, and increased child involvement. All can take action now to ensure Sustainable Development Goal 16.2 and safeguard children everywhere. Keywords: legal frameworks, CRC, INSPIRE, child abuse, enforcement gaps, national plans, vulnerable children, online exploitation, SDG 16.2.